Higher Education: Contribution of Civilizations

Abstract: This paper is the result of an effort to validate US presidential candidate (2016 election cycle) Carly Fiorina´s strong assertions made during a speech she delivered on September 26, 2001, when she was the CEO of HP, Inc., about the Islamic civilisation´s intellectual contributions to society. The findings of this study show the exact nature and magnitude of these contributions and confirm the correctness of Ms. Fiorina´s statements that the works and institutions from the Islamic civilization did serve as precursors to present-day higher education. Additional follow-up research, however, would be beneficial in establishing the overall contributions of the Islamic civilization beyond higher education.

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Authors: Jamaluddin Husain, Colleen Hickman